Phantom islands, as opposed to lost lands, are land masses formerly believed by cartographers to exist in the historical age, but to have been discredited as a result of expanding geographic knowledge. Unlike the lost continents mentioned above, which have been localized at various places, these lost lands are associated with one specified place. Lyonesse, Cantref Gwaelod which is also known under Lowland Hundred, or the legend about Lomea, located at the Goodwin Sands. In addition to these myths about lost continents there also are various regional legends about lost lands see e.g. With the discovery of the continental drift, however, this hypothesis is now completely obsolete. The name "Lemuria" originated from the scientific hypothesis about a land bridge between India and South Africa. Speculations about Kumari Kandam also seem to be linked to this field. This in turn seems to have influenced Madame Blavatsky and her speculations about Lemuria. Louis Jacolliot claimed to have learned from this literature about a sunken continent called "Rutas". * Something similar seems to have happened upon the discovery of the Sanskrit literature by Europeans. * The name of hypothetical vanished continent Mu originated from the first attempted translation of the "Madrid Codex", one of only four remaining Maya codices. Atlantis, like Hyperborea and Thule, is ultimately derived from ancient Greek geographic speculation. * The most famous lost continent is Atlantis. It is a great theme for fantasy and science fiction writers De Camp himself wrote some stories on this theme. According to de Camp, there is no real scientific evidence for any lost continents whatsoever. Sprague de Camp seeks to show, many modern occult or New Age writers speculate about ancient civilizations that dwelled on continents now deluged under sea level. Occult and New Age writers have made use of lost lands, as have native peoples such as the Tamil in India.Īs the study " Lost Continents" by L. Lost land theories may originate in mythology or philosophy (as with Atlantis), or in scholarly or scientific theories, such as catastrophic theories of geology, that may later be picked up by writers and individuals outside academia. The classification of lost lands as continents, islands, or other regions is in some cases subjective for example, Atlantis is variously described as either a "lost island" or a "lost continent". The term can also be extended to mythological lands generally, to underground civilizations, or even to whole planets. Lost lands, where they ever existed, are generally thought to have subsided into the sea, leaving behind only a few traces or legends by which they may be known. I Legio was busy fending off attacks in Occitania, and XVI Legio was pinned in Valinciennes, recruiting new men for the infantry.Lost lands are continents, islands or other regions believed by some to have existed during prehistory, but to have since disappeared as a result of catastrophic geological phenomena or slowly rising sea levels since the end of the last Ice Age. But Gallia was under attack with no relief. The Helvetian region was swept of attackers. But XV Legio, which finished besieging Swabia, returned to push them back.īy the end of 1512, the regions of Lombardia/Austria and Roman Netherlands were being heavily contested, but the advantage of the wars seemed to lean towards the Empire.Įarly 1513 saw the Empire advance heavily into eastern Bavaria, the region that had once been Hungary. Sadly, later in the year, XVIII Legio was also destroyed.Īs 1512 continued, the enemies of the Empire pushed west into Roman Helvetia, besieging the mountain fortresses. When they had rejoined the other survivors, and new forces had been raised to replace the lost ones, they were reorganized as the XVIII Legio (XIII being forever retired as a legionary number). The legion was left in complete confusion, and Gallia was left open to the enemies of the Empire.Ī daring naval mission was sent to rescue a cohort pinned in Zeeland. During the maneuvers, the forward detachment that held the standard of the Legion was completely destroyed. A surprise attack in the Roman Netherlands forced XIII Legio to reverse to Caux to reconsider their campaign. A few lands quickly fell under Imperial control.īut there were losses too. Victories many the Legions won in the wars of religion.